{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
  "region": "LATAM",
  "type": "therapists",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "intended_repo": "github.com/AntiAlienate/antialienate-knowledge",
  "stance_taxonomy": {
    "recognition": "treats alienação parental / alienación parental as a real, assessable phenomenon; operates or endorses PA-specific assessment, expert-witness or reunification work; typically PASG / CEAP / GARI-PA-aligned",
    "critique": "argues the PA construct (especially Gardner's SAP) is operationalised against DV / coercive-control survivors; advocates DV/trauma-informed alternatives and tighter regulation of expert witnesses; supports repeal or jurisprudential proscription",
    "middle": "engages both alienating-behaviour and family-violence frames; differential-diagnosis or systemic / multi-family approach; not aligned with PASG and not in the abolitionist critique camp"
  },
  "latam_context_notes": {
    "BR": "CFP (https://site.cfp.org.br/) federally regulates 24 CRPs. CFP Nota Técnica 4/2022/GTEC/CG instructs psicólogos not to ground analyses on Lei 12.318/2010 and recognises gender bias in PA allegations. IBDFAM + Calçada/Brazil/Perissini push back. PL 1.372/2023 (full revocation) passed CCJ 37-28 on 3 Dec 2025.",
    "MX": "Cédula profesional via SEP; no single binding national colegio of psychologists. SCJN Acción de Inconstitucionalidad 11/2016 (Oaxaca) struck criminal/loss-of-custody automaticity. SCJN Protocolo para Juzgar con Perspectiva de Infancia y Adolescencia (Nov 2021) is doctrinal anchor.",
    "AR": "Provincial colegios (Colpsiba, CPCBA, etc.). Ley 24.270 criminalises contact obstruction but does not codify SAP. ASAPMI (https://asapmi.org.ar/) institutional critique pole; CEAP Argentina (https://alienacionparental.com.ar/) institutional recognition pole.",
    "CO": "COLPSIC (https://www.colpsic.org.co/) federal regulator. COLPSIC Posición Gremial sobre Alienación Parental (16 Nov 2023) + Corte Constitucional Sentencia T-526/23 (30 Nov 2023) institutionally proscribed SAP as judicial criterion. ICBF (https://www.icbf.gov.co/) institutional family-court psychology body.",
    "CL": "Colegio de Psicólogos de Chile voluntary post-1981. SENAME / mejor niñez (https://www.mejorninez.cl/) does not address PA. No institutional doctrine. Individual academics (UTA, UCN) + IChTF are principal clinical voices."
  },
  "cross_references": {
    "latam_lawyers": ["Maria Berenice Dias (BR) — jurist, in /practitioners-latam-lawyers.md", "Mauricio Luis Mizrahi (AR) — CEAP chair, jurist, in /practitioners-latam-lawyers.md"],
    "eu_therapists": ["Sonia Vaccaro (AR-born / Madrid-based) — primary entry under Spain in /practitioners-eu-therapists.md; cross-referenced under AR here"],
    "us_therapists": ["William Bernet — CEAP / GARI-PA member; primary entry in /practitioners-us-therapists.md"],
    "evidence": ["CFP Nota Técnica 4/2022 — cross-listed in /evidence-international-institutional-positions.md", "COLPSIC Posición Gremial 2023 + Corte Constitucional T-526/23 — cross-listed in /case-studies/ and /evidence-international-institutional-positions.md"]
  },
  "practitioners": [
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "Dra Andreia Soares Calçada",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "region": "RJ",
      "practice": "Clínica Expansão — Psicologia Clínica e Jurídica; perita TJRJ Varas de Família; membro IBDFAM",
      "practice_url": "https://andreiacalcada.com.br/",
      "regulatory_body": "CRP-05 (Rio de Janeiro)",
      "registration_number": "CRP 05/18785",
      "specialty": "Psicologia clínica e jurídica; perícia psicológica forense em Varas de Família; alienação parental; falsas alegações de abuso sexual em disputas de guarda",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Calçada (2008+) Perdas Irreparáveis: Alienação Parental e Falsas Acusações de Abuso Sexual (Equilíbrio); A Psicodinâmica da Alienação Parental PDF https://escuelamunduna.edu.ar/sites/default/files/A%20Psicodin%C3%A2mica%20da%20Aliena%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Parental%20%20Andreia%20Cal%C3%A7ada_0.pdf ; Revista Científica IBDFAM ed.45 https://ibdfam.org.br/noticias/9049 ; member Comissão Científica Revista Alienação Parental https://revistaalienacaoparental.webnode.pt/comissao-cientifica/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Perdas Irreparáveis: Alienação Parental e Falsas Acusações de Abuso Sexual (Equilíbrio)",
        "A Psicodinâmica da Alienação Parental (monograph)",
        "IBDFAM Revista Científica ed.45 article on perícia psicológica forense em AP processos",
        "Migalhas columnist https://www.migalhas.com.br/autor/andreia-soares-calcada"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "Clínica Barra: Av. das Américas 2901, sala 404, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro/RJ; Clínica Tijuca: Av. Maracanã 987, sala 1102, Shopping Tijuca; WhatsApp +55 (21) 99797-6311; site contact https://andreiacalcada.com.br/contato",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Longest-published Brazilian recognition-camp clinical psychologist on PA + false-allegation overlap; the natural counterpart to Glicia Brazil within IBDFAM clinical circles.",
      "notes": "Team CRP numbers (Coutinho Kuczny 08/33462, Amin 05/68002, Cardoso 05/54838) publicly displayed on her practice site."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "Glicia Barbosa de Mattos Brazil",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "region": "RJ",
      "practice": "Psicóloga TJRJ (27+ anos); Coordenadora Curso de Extensão em Alienação Parental PUC-Rio; Vice-Presidente Comissão Infância e Juventude IBDFAM; Tutora ENFAM; Professora FMP-RS",
      "practice_url": "https://gliciabrazil.com.br/",
      "regulatory_body": "CRP-05 (Rio de Janeiro); also Bacharel em Direito; TJRJ servant",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psicologia jurídica; perícia psicológica forense em Varas de Família; alienação parental; neurociência da memória aplicada à perícia; depoimento especial; assistência técnica",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Brazil, A Alienação Parental sob a Ótica da Neurociência (IBDFAM PDF) https://ibdfam.org.br/assets/img/upload/files/Artigo%20IBDFAM%20glicia.pdf ; Intercept profile https://www.intercept.com.br/2023/05/18/abuso-glicia-brazil-psicologa-fortalece-defesa-de-acusados/ ; GEN webinar https://blog.grupogen.com.br/juridico/areas-de-interesse/civil/live-alienacao-parental/ ; IBDFAM coverage https://ibdfam.org.br/noticias/10711 ; SciELO co-author https://www.scielo.br/j/pcp/a/yN8FTYKPbLNQsR5WDp9b3jq",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Three JusPodivm books on what happens to the child within the Justice system",
        "A Alienação Parental sob a Ótica da Neurociência (IBDFAM)",
        "Coordinator PUC-Rio extension course on alienação parental",
        "SciELO co-author Perícias Psicológicas em Processos Judiciais Envolvendo Suspeita de AP"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "site contact form https://gliciabrazil.com.br/ ; TJRJ Servidor channel; FMP-RS institutional channel https://www.fmp.edu.br/corpo-docente/glicia-brazil/",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "The single most-credentialled Brazilian recognition-camp court-employed psicóloga — TJRJ + PUC-Rio + IBDFAM Vice-Presidência Infância + ENFAM tutoria. Natural authority cited by IBDFAM against PL 1.372/2023 revocation.",
      "notes": "Intercept (May 2023) ran critical investigation; high media-sensitivity entry — currently principal target of feminist coalition critique in BR PA clinical debate."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "Dra Denise Maria Perissini da Silva",
      "city": "São Paulo",
      "region": "SP",
      "practice": "Perissini Psicologia Clínica e Forense, Cursos e Treinamentos; intérprete judicial Libras TJSP",
      "practice_url": "https://www.migalhas.com.br/autor/denise-maria-perissini-da-silva",
      "regulatory_body": "CRP-06 (São Paulo)",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psicologia jurídica; Varas de Família; depoimento especial (Resolução CFP 11/2018); avaliação psicológica em guarda; alienação parental; Lei 12.318/2010 + Lei 14.340/2022",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Psicologia Jurídica e os Litígios em Varas de Família (Juruá, 6ª ed. atualizada com Lei 14.340/2022) https://www.jurua.com.br/shop_item.asp?id=30631 ; Psicologia Jurídica no Processo Civil Brasileiro (Casa do Psicólogo / Forense, 2ª ed. 2012) https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:rede.virtual.bibliotecas:livro:2019;001162293 ; Guarda Compartilhada e Síndrome de Alienação Parental – o que é isso? (Equilíbrio) https://books.google.com/books/about/Guarda_Compartilhada_E_Sindrome_De_Alien.html?id=WZN4RAAACAAJ ; Migalhas https://www.migalhas.com.br/depeso/435714/pericia-psicologica-importante-em-disputas-judiciais",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Psicologia Jurídica e os Litígios em Varas de Família (Juruá, 6ª ed.)",
        "Guarda Compartilhada e Síndrome de Alienação Parental – o que é isso? (Equilíbrio)",
        "Psicologia Jurídica no Processo Civil Brasileiro (Casa do Psicólogo / Forense)",
        "Migalhas columnist on perícia psicológica"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "São Paulo/SP — practice address not publicly displayed; via Migalhas https://www.migalhas.com.br/autor/denise-maria-perissini-da-silva or Escavador https://www.escavador.com/sobre/478524/denise-maria-perissini-da-silva",
      "tier": 2,
      "hook": "São Paulo's standard PA-aware Varas de Família perícia manual author; technical reference cited by lawyers/magistrates for procedural detail.",
      "notes": "Substantively recognition camp but procedural / training-of-perito emphasis rather than polemical positioning."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "Profa Esther Maria de Magalhães Arantes, PhD",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "region": "RJ",
      "practice": "Professora aposentada Departamento de Psicologia PUC-Rio; Professora PPGPolíticas Públicas e Formação Humana UERJ; contribuidora Cartilha de Direitos Humanos do CFP",
      "practice_url": "https://www.escavador.com/sobre/9775671/esther-maria-de-magalhaes-arantes",
      "regulatory_body": "CRP-05 (Rio de Janeiro); PhD Educação Boston University 1981",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "História da assistência à infância; políticas públicas para crianças e adolescentes; psicologia e direitos humanos; crítica à instrumentalização forense da psicologia",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "Arantes, Transtornos do Amor Parental (POLÊM!CA/UERJ) https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/polemica/article/view/2817 ; co-organisadora CFP Debatendo sobre Alienação Parental: diferentes perspectivas (2019) precursora NT 4/2022 — https://site.cfp.org.br/cfp-divulga-orientacoes-sobre-a-atuacao-profissional-em-relacao-a-alienacao-parental/ ; Os Direitos Humanos na Prática Profissional dos Psicólogos (CFP) https://site.cfp.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2004/05/cartilha_dh.pdf",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Transtornos do Amor Parental (POLÊM!CA, UERJ)",
        "Co-organisadora CFP Debatendo sobre Alienação Parental: diferentes perspectivas (2019)",
        "Contribuidora Cartilha de Direitos Humanos do CFP",
        "PPFH/UERJ research line on psychology of human rights and children's policy"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "UERJ PPGPolíticas Públicas e Formação Humana — institutional channel; PUC-Rio Departamento de Psicologia (retired faculty)",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Senior intellectual / doctoral-supervisor anchor of the Brazilian critique camp inside the CFP system; academic figure who lent credibility to CFP 2019 Debatendo publication that became NT 4/2022."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "Profa Leila Maria Torraca de Brito, PhD",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "region": "RJ",
      "practice": "Professora Titular aposentada Instituto de Psicologia UERJ; ex-coordenadora Especialização em Psicologia Jurídica UERJ",
      "practice_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pyf8_N0AAAAJ&hl=pt-BR",
      "regulatory_body": "CRP-05 (Rio de Janeiro); Psicóloga (Univ. Santa Úrsula 1978; PhD PUC-Rio 1999; pós-doc UFPR 2007 + PUC-MG 2012)",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psicologia jurídica; guarda de filhos; escuta de crianças no sistema de justiça; adolescentes em conflito com a lei; crítica acadêmica à transposição da SAP de Gardner para a Lei 12.318/2010",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "Sousa & Torraca de Brito (2010) Síndrome de Alienação Parental: da teoria norte-americana à nova lei brasileira (Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão / SciELO) http://www.scielo.br/j/pcp/a/H7w9kPHrY86XM9DXZLKvJtF/?lang=pt ; Anotações sobre a Psicologia Jurídica (SciELO) https://www.scielo.br/j/pcp/a/654BBJ4bMsrqKPsDCQShJZC/?lang=pt ; A escuta de crianças no sistema de Justiça no Brasil (DESidades/UFRJ) https://desidades.ufrj.br/open_space/a-escuta-de-criancas-no-sistema-de-justica-no-brasil-acoes-e-indagacoes/ ; Temas de Psicologia Jurídica (Relume-Dumará, 2002) https://www.amazon.com.br/Temas-de-psicologia-juridica/dp/8573161795",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Sousa & Torraca (2010) — standard Brazilian critique-camp peer-reviewed paper on Lei 12.318/2010",
        "Se-pa-ran-do: um estudo sobre a atuação do psicólogo nas Varas de Família (Relume-Dumará/UERJ, 1993)",
        "Temas de Psicologia Jurídica (2002, 2ª ed.)",
        "1,700+ Google Scholar citations on psicologia jurídica + escuta de crianças"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "UERJ Instituto de Psicologia (retired faculty); via Escavador / Google Scholar",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single most-cited Brazilian psicóloga jurídica academic on critique side of Lei 12.318/2010; her 2010 SciELO paper is the canonical Portuguese-language scholarly source. Natural counterpart to Calçada / Glicia Brazil."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "Dra Analicia Martins de Sousa, PhD",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "region": "RJ",
      "practice": "Psicóloga; Doutora em Psicologia Social UERJ (orientada por Torraca de Brito); pesquisadora em psicologia jurídica",
      "practice_url": "https://analiciamartins.com.br/",
      "regulatory_body": "CRP-05 (Rio de Janeiro)",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psicologia social; psicologia jurídica; novos dispositivos de controle social — alienação parental, bullying, assédio moral",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "Sousa, Síndrome da Alienação Parental: um novo tema nos juízos de família (Cortez, 2010, ISBN 9788524916250) https://www.amazon.com.br/S%C3%ADndrome-aliena%C3%A7%C3%A3o-parental-ju%C3%ADzos-fam%C3%ADlia/dp/8524916257 ; LexML https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:rede.virtual.bibliotecas:livro:2010;000890710 ; Sousa & Torraca de Brito (2010) SciELO; TJCE coverage https://www.tjce.jus.br/noticias/uma-teoria-de-escasso-valor-cientifico-virou-lei-no-brasil/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Síndrome da Alienação Parental: um novo tema nos juízos de família (Cortez, 2010) — first Brazilian book-length critique",
        "Sousa & Torraca de Brito (2010) SciELO peer-reviewed paper",
        "Doctoral thesis (UERJ, Psicologia Social) on social-control function of PA construct"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "via site https://analiciamartins.com.br/ ; UERJ PPG Psicologia Social institutional channel",
      "tier": 2,
      "hook": "Brazilian critique-camp clinical-academic author whose 2010 Cortez monograph remains most circulated Portuguese-language critical book on Lei 12.318/2010."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "BR",
      "name": "INSTITUTIONAL — Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP)",
      "city": "Brasília",
      "region": "DF",
      "practice": "Federal autarquia, regulador profissional dos psicólogos brasileiros; supervisiona 24 CRPs",
      "practice_url": "https://site.cfp.org.br/",
      "regulatory_body": "Self (federal regulator)",
      "registration_number": "n/a (institutional)",
      "specialty": "Federal regulation of psychological practice in Brazil; PA-specific institutional doctrine for psicólogos",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "CFP Nota Técnica nº 4/2022/GTEC/CG (Sep 2022) https://site.cfp.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEI_CFP-0698871-Nota-Tecnica.pdf — 9 recommendations including instruction that psicólogos não fundamentem análises na Lei 12.318/2010 como construto clínico, com reconhecimento explícito de viés de gênero nas alegações de AP; precursora Debatendo sobre Alienação Parental: diferentes perspectivas (CFP 2019) https://site.cfp.org.br/cfp-divulga-orientacoes-sobre-a-atuacao-profissional-em-relacao-a-alienacao-parental/ ; IX CNP 2016 resolution",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Nota Técnica nº 4/2022/GTEC/CG — doctrinal anchor for Brazilian institutional critique camp",
        "Debatendo sobre Alienação Parental: diferentes perspectivas (CFP 2019)",
        "CRP-09 Relatório sobre Alienação Parental (2023) https://transparencia.cfp.org.br/crp09/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2023/07/Relatorio-do-CRP-09-sobre-Alienacao-Parental.pdf",
        "Joint nota técnica with CFESS Dec 2022 https://www.cfess.org.br/arquivos/nota-tecnica-LAP-2022-dez.pdf"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "CFP, SAUS Quadra 03 Lote 5/6 Bloco L, Edifício CFP, Brasília/DF — https://site.cfp.org.br/ contact form",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single most authoritative Brazilian institutional voice on critique side; NT 4/2022 is what feminist coalitions cite when arguing the clinical profession itself rejects Lei 12.318 framework. Cite alongside CFESS joint note.",
      "notes": "IBDFAM published counter-article (Alienação parental, o teor inconstitucional e antiético da NT 4-2022) https://ibdfam.org.br/artigos/1916/ — recognition-camp legal-academic rebuttal anchor."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "MX",
      "name": "Dr Alejandro Mendoza-Amaro, MD PhD",
      "city": "Morelia",
      "region": "Michoacán",
      "practice": "Jefe de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. José Torres Orozco (Secretaría de Salud Michoacán) desde Ago 2018; Presidente Capítulo Hispano GARI-PA; Miembro PASG desde 31 Mar 2019; Delegado Científico AMPFS desde Ene 2018; Miembro Comité CEAP Argentina",
      "practice_url": "https://mendozaphd.wixsite.com/website",
      "regulatory_body": "Cédula Profesional / SEP — MD (1999-2006) + Lic. Psicología Educativa (1997-2001) + Maestría Ciencias de la Salud (2008-2011) + PhD Psicología (2015-2018, Univ. Guadalajara)",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psiquiatría / psicología clínica; abuso infantil; trastornos mentales; neurociencia; alienación parental; evaluación forense; suicidología",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Mendoza-Amaro (2021) Amicus Curiae sobre la Tesis del Protocolo para Juzgar con Perspectiva de Infancia y Adolescencia de la SCJN respecto a la Alienación Parental https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alejandro-Amaro-4/publication/357097190 ; Declaration of the Global Movement for Scientific Integrity in Parental Alienation (with W. Bernet); CEAP Argentina founding committee speaker (1er Congreso Internacional CABA, 14-15 Nov 2024) https://alienacionparental.com.ar/en/quienes-somos/ ; YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNL6SlNANRs ; Carta al Editor Acta Pediátrica de México https://actapediatrica.org.mx/article/carta-al-editor-con-relacion-al-articulo-sindrome-de-alienacion-parental-un-concepto-que-actualmente-debe-ser-considerado-en-desuso/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Amicus Curiae sobre el Protocolo SCJN respecto a la AP (2021)",
        "GARI-PA — President Hispanic Chapter (with W. Bernet)",
        "PASG core member; CEAP Argentina committee",
        "Carta al Editor Acta Pediátrica de México on concepto en desuso framing",
        "Hospital Torres Orozco research outputs on PA + suicidology overlap"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "dr_mendoza@outlook.com ; +52 144 3273 0494 ; Xengua 106, Col. Bosque Camelinas, C.P. 58290, Morelia/Michoacán",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single most institutionally connected Mexican PA-recognition clinician — PASG + GARI-PA + CEAP + AMPFS + public-sector psychiatric hospital chieftaincy. Any Hispanophone PASG conversation routes through him."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "MX",
      "name": "INSTITUTIONAL — SCJN / Protocolo para Juzgar con Perspectiva de Infancia y Adolescencia",
      "city": "Ciudad de México",
      "region": "CDMX",
      "practice": "SCJN Dirección General de Derechos Humanos y Justicia Pluricultural; institutional doctrine for jueces y peritos on alienación parental",
      "practice_url": "https://www.scjn.gob.mx/derechos-humanos/sites/default/files/protocolos/archivos/2021-11/Protocolo%20para%20juzgar%20con%20perspectiva%20de%20IA%2010nov21.pdf",
      "regulatory_body": "Federal judicial authority (Pleno y Salas SCJN)",
      "registration_number": "n/a (institutional)",
      "specialty": "Federal doctrinal anchor for peritos psicólogos/psiquiatras working in Mexican family courts on PA-allegation cases",
      "stance": "middle",
      "stance_source": "SCJN Protocolo (Nov 2021) — section explicitly cautioning against PA as default lens and requiring perspective of childhood + gender; Tesis 2015415 https://sjf2.scjn.gob.mx/detalle/tesis/2015415 ; DOF publication of Pleno SCJN ruling 18 Mar 2021 https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5613870&fecha=18/03/2021 ; CDHCM Amicus Amparo Directo 14/2020 https://cdhcm.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Amicus-Curiae-Amparo-Directo-14-2020-SCJN.pdf ; CELIG/Congreso CDMX Información Técnica (29 May 2024) https://genero.congresocdmx.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/CELIG-Inform-Te%CC%81c-Alienacio%CC%81n-Parental-29-05-24.pdf",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Protocolo para Juzgar con Perspectiva de Infancia y Adolescencia (Nov 2021)",
        "Acción de Inconstitucionalidad 11/2016 (Oaxaca) — see /case-studies/",
        "Tesis SCJN 2015415 on alienación parental",
        "Buscador Jurídico SCJN https://bj.scjn.gob.mx/busqueda?q=ALIENACION+PARENTAL"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "Dirección General de Derechos Humanos y Justicia Pluricultural, SCJN, Av. Pino Suárez 2, Centro Histórico, CDMX 06065 — https://www.scjn.gob.mx/",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Mexican institutional doctrinal anchor cited by both camps: recognition uses it for assessment-with-childhood-perspective; critique uses it against automatic custody transfers. Cite alongside SCJN Acción de Inconstitucionalidad 11/2016."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "AR",
      "name": "Dra Eva Giberti",
      "city": "Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires",
      "region": "CABA",
      "practice": "Coordinadora Programa Nacional Las Víctimas contra las Violencias (Ministerio de Justicia y DDHH) desde 2006; psicoanalista en práctica privada; profesora universitaria",
      "practice_url": "https://evagiberti.com/",
      "regulatory_body": "Psicóloga / Psicoanalista — trayectoria UBA + Facultad de Psicología; columnista Página/12",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Violencia familiar; abuso sexual infantil; victimología; psicoanálisis; crítica desde posición protectora a la operacionalización del SAP/AP",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "Programa Las Víctimas contra las Violencias https://evagiberti.com/programa-las-victimas-contra-las-violencias/ y Argentina.gob.ar https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/la-subsecretaria-de-acceso-la-justicia-se-reunio-con-eva-giberti-coordinadora-del-programa ; Página/12 columnas y entrevistas habituales; CONADU entrevista https://conadu.org.ar/eva-giberti-mejoramos-la-conciencia-sobre-la-violencia-pero-al-mismo-tiempo-aumentaron-las-muertes-de-mujeres-y-cada-vez-con-mayor-crueldad/ ; cited in Página/12 Alerta oficial y desestimación del SAP https://www.pagina12.com.ar/273858-alerta-oficial-y-desestimacion-del-sindrome-de-alienacion-pa ; AAIHMEG https://aaihmeg.org/eva-giberti/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Coordinadora Programa Nacional Las Víctimas contra las Violencias (Ministerio Justicia y DDHH desde 2006) — Línea 137",
        "Decenas de libros sobre psicoanálisis, infancia, género y violencia familiar (Sudamericana/Paidós)",
        "Pionera argentina del campo Estudios sobre Violencia hacia Mujeres y Niños/as",
        "Columnista habitual Página/12 sobre AP/SAP/violencia"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "Programa Las Víctimas contra las Violencias / Línea 137 — Ministerio de Justicia y DDHH, CABA; sitio https://evagiberti.com/",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single most senior Argentine clinical-academic voice in the critique camp; career-long author and coordinator of Argentina's national victim-services line. Feminist coalition / ASAPMI press positions on SAP debate route through or cite her.",
      "notes": "PA-specific publications dispersed across Página/12 columns and book chapters rather than peer-reviewed PA clinical literature; stance sourced via institutional role + named-press alignment."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "AR",
      "name": "Dr Pedro Herscovici",
      "city": "Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires",
      "region": "CABA",
      "practice": "Psiquiatra (psiquiatría infantil + forense); ex-Director Centro de Salud Mental Nº 2 Buenos Aires; Co-Director Instituto Terapias Sistémicas (TESIS); miembro fundador CEAP Argentina; Approved Supervisor & Clinical Member AAMFT; supervisor ASIBA",
      "practice_url": "https://alienacionparental.com.ar/en/quienes-somos/",
      "regulatory_body": "Psiquiatría — formación Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic; matrícula colegio médico CABA not publicly displayed",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psiquiatría infantil y forense; terapia familiar sistémica; alienación parental como dinámica relacional disfuncional; supervisión clínica en separaciones de alto conflicto",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Prólogo a Mizrahi, Díaz Usandivaras & Herscovici, Alienación Parental: Niños huérfanos de padres vivos https://www.amazon.com/Alienaci%C3%B3n-Parental-hu%C3%A9rfanos-padres-Spanish/dp/B0GXVDNGBS ; CEAP miembro fundador https://alienacionparental.com.ar/en/quienes-somos/ ; 1er Congreso Internacional CEAP (CABA Nov 2024) https://alienacionparental.com.ar/en/1er-congreso-internacional-interdisciplinario-sobre-alienacion-parental-y-violencia-familiar/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Co-autor (con Mizrahi y Díaz Usandivaras) Alienación Parental: Niños huérfanos de padres vivos",
        "Co-Director Instituto Terapias Sistémicas (TESIS) CABA",
        "Member CEAP Argentina founding committee",
        "Comité editorial de varias revistas de terapia familiar"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "pedroh1905@gmail.com ; CEAP secretariat info@alienacionparental.com.ar (J.B. Alberdi 431, 6º 2, Olivos, Buenos Aires)",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single Argentine psiquiatra clinical voice paired with Mizrahi (jurist) and Díaz Usandivaras (psiquiatra) in the recognition-camp publishing axis. CEAP technical authority on PA-as-relational-disfunction framing."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "AR",
      "name": "Dr Carlos María Díaz Usandivaras",
      "city": "San Isidro",
      "region": "Buenos Aires",
      "practice": "Fundador y Director Instituto de la Familia Carlos María Díaz Usandivaras (Acassuso 907, San Isidro); Master en Matrimonio y Familia Universidad de Navarra; profesor (ex) UCLP / UB / UBA / UC Montevideo; Miembro CEAP Argentina",
      "practice_url": "https://alienacionparental.com.ar/en/quienes-somos/",
      "regulatory_body": "Psiquiatría / Terapia Familiar Sistémica — matrícula colegio médico not publicly displayed",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Terapia familiar sistémica; alienación parental como abuso intra-familiar por violencia y maltrato infantil; intervención clínica en separaciones de alto conflicto",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Co-autor (con Mizrahi y Herscovici) Alienación Parental: Niños huérfanos de padres vivos; CEAP presentation Alienación Parental como Abuso Parento-Filial por Violencia y Maltrato Infantil (1er Congreso CEAP CABA Nov 2024); presentation Terminología y Denominación de los Fenómenos de Alienación Parental (seminario preparatorio CEAP) https://alienacionparental.com.ar/en/seminario-preparatorio-del-1er-congreso-internacional-interdisciplinario-sobre-alienacion-parental-y-violencia-familiar/ ; La Nación https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/previene-hechos-de-violencia-al-tratar-a-la-familia-en-disolucion-nid452785/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Fundador Instituto de la Familia (San Isidro) — long-running family-therapy training institute",
        "Co-autor Alienación Parental: Niños huérfanos de padres vivos",
        "Recurring CEAP speaker; La Nación expert source"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "infamilia@outlook.com ; Instituto de la Familia, Acassuso 907, San Isidro, Buenos Aires",
      "tier": 2,
      "hook": "Senior San Isidro family-therapy training-institute director framing PA in abuso parento-filial register; useful when mapping recognition-camp publication chain Mizrahi → Herscovici → Díaz Usandivaras."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "AR",
      "name": "INSTITUTIONAL — ASAPMI (Asociación Argentina de Prevención del Maltrato Infanto-Juvenil)",
      "city": "Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires",
      "region": "CABA",
      "practice": "Leading Argentine professional society on prevention of child maltreatment; integra psicólogos, psiquiatras, asistentes sociales y juristas",
      "practice_url": "https://asapmi.org.ar/",
      "regulatory_body": "Asociación civil; peer-membership professional society",
      "registration_number": "n/a (institutional)",
      "specialty": "Prevention of maltrato infanto-juvenil; abuso sexual infantil; crítica institucional al SAP/AP como construcción acientífica utilizada para invalidar testimonios infantiles",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "ASAPMI Pronunciamiento sobre el supuesto Síndrome de Alienación Parental http://www.asapmi.org.ar/publicaciones/notas/?id=507 — el supuesto SAP no constituye una enfermedad por cuanto carece de validez científica; ASAPMI Comentarios sobre el Pretendido SAP http://www.asapmi.org.ar/publicaciones/notas/?id=968 ; ASAPMI Glosario http://asapmi.org.ar/glosario/?id=358 ; ASAPMI Análisis sobre las bases científicas del SAP http://www.asapmi.org.ar/publicaciones/articulos/articulo.asp?id=755 ; joint statement 2020 cited Página/12 https://www.pagina12.com.ar/273858",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Pronunciamiento sobre el supuesto SAP — canonical Argentine institutional critique statement",
        "Análisis sobre las bases científicas del SAP de Gardner",
        "Glosario online (entry on AP)",
        "2020 joint media-repudiation statement (Fantino a la tarde)",
        "Sección Abuso Sexual Infantil https://asapmi.org.ar/abuso-sexual-infantil/"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "via site https://asapmi.org.ar/ contact form",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single most authoritative Argentine professional-society voice on critique side; cited by Defensoría del Pueblo CABA (2020) and routinely in Página/12 and academic critique literature."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "CO",
      "name": "INSTITUTIONAL — Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (COLPSIC)",
      "city": "Bogotá D.C.",
      "region": "Cundinamarca",
      "practice": "Federal regulator of Colombian psychologists (administra tarjeta profesional); 7 capítulos regionales",
      "practice_url": "https://www.colpsic.org.co/",
      "regulatory_body": "Self (Ley 1090/2006 + Resolución 005-SNC-2022)",
      "registration_number": "n/a (institutional)",
      "specialty": "Federal regulation of psychological practice in Colombia; PA-specific institutional doctrine for psicólogos peritos",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "COLPSIC Posición Gremial sobre Alienación Parental (16 Nov 2023) https://www.colpsic.org.co/comunicados/posicion-del-colegio-colombiano-de-psicologos-colpsic-frente-al-concepto-de-alienacion-parental/ and PDF https://www.colpsic.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-11-16-Posicion-Gremial-sobre-Alienacion-Parental-Colpsic-2023.pdf — formally updates COLPSIC's prior 2017 forensic-psychology unit report; rejects SAP/AP as diagnostic category; cited and partially adopted by Corte Constitucional Sentencia T-526/23 (30 Nov 2023) https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2023/t-526-23.htm ; commentary eticapsicologica.org https://eticapsicologica.org/index.php/documentos/noticias-y-eventos/item/92-com-sept-24 ; lpderecho.pe https://lpderecho.pe/uso-sindrome-alienacion-parental-proscribirse-criterio-procesos-judiciales-sustento-cientifico-colombia-sentencia-t-526-2023/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Posición Gremial sobre Alienación Parental (16 Nov 2023) — institutional doctrinal anchor",
        "Listado oficial de peritos psicólogos COLPSIC https://www.colpsic.org.co/servicios/listado-de-peritos/",
        "Etiqueta T-526 archive https://www.colpsic.org.co/etiqueta/t-526/"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "COLPSIC, Av. Cra 50 No 26-20, Bogotá D.C. — institutional channel https://www.colpsic.org.co/",
      "tier": 1,
      "hook": "Single most authoritative Colombian institutional voice on critique pole; 16 Nov 2023 position operationalised 14 days later by Corte Constitucional in T-526/23 — Colombia is the LATAM jurisdiction with the cleanest institutional-clinical-judicial alignment on critique side."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "CO",
      "name": "INSTITUTIONAL — Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF)",
      "city": "Bogotá D.C.",
      "region": "Cundinamarca",
      "practice": "National family-welfare institute (1968-); under Departamento Administrativo para la Prosperidad Social; institucional family-court psychology and defensorías de familia",
      "practice_url": "https://www.icbf.gov.co/",
      "regulatory_body": "Federal (Departamento Administrativo para la Prosperidad Social)",
      "registration_number": "n/a (institutional)",
      "specialty": "Defensorías de familia; psicología familiar institucional; intervención en procesos de restablecimiento de derechos NNA; intervención técnica en procesos de custodia",
      "stance": "critique",
      "stance_source": "ICBF's institutional intervention cited in Corte Constitucional Sentencia T-526/23 as channel through which the Court learned of COLPSIC's non-support of SAP — desclab https://www.desclab.com/post/alienacion ; ICBF Lineamientos Técnicos para Atención Integral a NNA operate as doctrinal anchor for defensorías de familia psychology",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Intervention in Corte Constitucional T-526/23 (citing COLPSIC non-support of SAP)",
        "Lineamientos Técnicos para Atención Integral NNA",
        "Directorio Servidores Públicos (psicólogos institucionales) https://www.icbf.gov.co/sites/default/files/files/Directorio%20Servidores%20P%C3%BAblicos.pdf"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "AtencionAlCiudadano@icbf.gov.co ; Sede Nacional Av. Cra 68 No 64C-75, Bogotá D.C. — https://www.icbf.gov.co/",
      "tier": 2,
      "hook": "Colombian national family-welfare institution whose psychology corps operationalises T-526/23 on the ground; institutional contact for defensorías de familia methodology."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "CL",
      "name": "Dr Cristián Pinto-Cortez, PhD",
      "city": "Arica",
      "region": "Arica y Parinacota",
      "practice": "Professor/investigator Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, Universidad de Tarapacá (UTA), Arica",
      "practice_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528598/",
      "regulatory_body": "Psicólogo — UTA institutional credentialing; Colegio de Psicólogos de Chile membership not publicly displayed (colegiación voluntaria post-1981)",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psicología clínica e infantil; victimización infantil; parental alienating behaviors (PAB) as specific form of psychological/emotional child maltreatment; psychometric assessment of PAB exposure",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Portilla-Saavedra, Pinto-Cortez & Moya-Vergara (2023) Psychological Distress in Young Chilean Adults Exposed to Parental Alienating Behaviors during Childhood/Adolescence, European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education — PMC https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528598/",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Portilla-Saavedra, Pinto-Cortez & Moya-Vergara (2023) — canonical Chilean peer-reviewed empirical paper on PAB",
        "UTA Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía research program on victimización infantil"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "cpinto@academicos.uta.cl ; UTA Arica institutional channel",
      "tier": 2,
      "hook": "Single most-cited Chilean academic on PAB → adult mental-health outcomes; natural Chilean academic contact for recognition-camp empirical-evidence frame."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "CL",
      "name": "Dr Diego Portilla-Saavedra & Dr Rodrigo Moya-Vergara",
      "city": "Antofagasta",
      "region": "Antofagasta",
      "practice": "Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Antofagasta",
      "practice_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10528598/",
      "regulatory_body": "Psicólogos — UCN institutional credentialing; Colegio de Psicólogos membership not publicly displayed",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Psicología clínica; metodología cuantitativa; psicometría aplicada a la exposición a comportamientos alienantes parentales (PAB); resultados de salud mental en adultos jóvenes",
      "stance": "recognition",
      "stance_source": "Portilla-Saavedra, Pinto-Cortez & Moya-Vergara (2023) above",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "Portilla-Saavedra et al. (2023) — corresponding-author paper",
        "UCN Escuela de Psicología research outputs"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "dps005@alumnos.ucn.cl (Portilla-Saavedra) ; +56-984010714 ; rmoya@ucn.cl (Moya-Vergara) ; UCN Antofagasta institutional channel",
      "tier": 3,
      "hook": "UCN pairing with Pinto-Cortez (UTA) on canonical Chilean PAB paper; second-tier academic outreach for Chilean empirical-recognition frame."
    },
    {
      "country_code": "CL",
      "name": "Claudia Cáceres",
      "city": "Santiago",
      "region": "Región Metropolitana",
      "practice": "Coordinadora del Equipo de Terapia Familiar, Instituto Chileno de Terapia Familiar (IChTF); 25+ años en equipo especializado en procesos de separación",
      "practice_url": "https://terapiafamiliar.academia.edu/ClaudiaC%C3%A1ceres",
      "regulatory_body": "Psicóloga / Terapeuta Familiar — IChTF institutional credentialing (Modelo Sistémico-Contextual-Relacional); Colegio de Psicólogos number not publicly displayed",
      "registration_number": "not publicly displayed",
      "specialty": "Terapia familiar sistémica; intervención en procesos de separación de alto conflicto; dilema clínico entre abuso sexual intrafamiliar y alienación parental; trauma relacional infantil",
      "stance": "middle",
      "stance_source": "Cáceres in El síndrome de alienación parental: una realidad latente (Emol, 11 Mar 2011) — es un concepto antiguo que en su idea original tenía una lógica que es bastante dañina en cuanto pone a un progenitor como víctima y al otro como perpetrador; es una situación extrema que ocurre con poca frecuencia https://www.emol.com/noticias/Tendencias/2011/03/11/734921/El-sindrome-de-alienacion-parental-una-realidad-latente.html ; IChTF blog discussion of abuso sexual intrafamiliar / AP dilemma http://ichtf.blogspot.com/2016/ ; IChTF Modelo Sistémico-Contextual-Relacional positioning https://www.linkedin.com/company/instituto-chileno-de-terapia-familiar",
      "programs_or_publications": [
        "25 years of family-therapy team practice at IChTF, Santiago",
        "IChTF curriculum on abuso intrafamiliar / AP differential",
        "IChTF YouTube content https://www.youtube.com/@ICTerapiaFamiliar"
      ],
      "primary_contact": "IChTF Santiago de Chile — via LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/instituto-chileno-de-terapia-familiar institutional channel",
      "tier": 2,
      "hook": "Single Chilean middle-camp family-therapy institutional voice; natural Chilean clinical voice when neither full PASG-recognition nor full SAP-abolitionist framing is appropriate."
    }
  ],
  "excluded_with_disclosure": [
    {"country_code": "BR", "name": "Maria Berenice Dias", "reason": "Jurist, not therapist; full entry in /practitioners-latam-lawyers.md"},
    {"country_code": "BR", "name": "Priscila Faria de Freitas", "reason": "Name not retrievable as a confirmable psicóloga on PA; brief likely conflated with Priscila Maria Pereira Corrêa da Fonseca (USP law)"},
    {"country_code": "BR", "name": "Ana Paula da Costa", "reason": "Brief name ambiguous; multiple unrelated Ana Paula psicólogas; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "MX", "name": "Asunción Lara", "reason": "UNAM/INPRFM perinatal mental health and women's depression researcher, not PA; category mismatch"},
    {"country_code": "MX", "name": "Diego Núñez Sánchez", "reason": "Name not retrievable from primary sources; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "MX", "name": "Itzel Adriana Aguirre", "reason": "Name not retrievable from primary sources; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "MX", "name": "CENAVID", "reason": "Acronym does not correspond to a Mexican institution; correct entities are CEAV (https://www.gob.mx/ceav) and CONAVIM (https://www.gob.mx/conavim) — neither has issued a sourced PA-specific institutional position publicly retrievable"},
    {"country_code": "MX", "name": "INMUJERES psychology programmes", "reason": "No PA-specific clinical programme publicly identifiable"},
    {"country_code": "AR", "name": "Diana Cohen Agrest", "reason": "Philosopher / homicide-victim advocate (Usina de Justicia); no PA-specific publication; category mismatch"},
    {"country_code": "AR", "name": "Susana Mauer", "reason": "Name not retrievable as confirmable ASAPMI clinical figure on PA; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "AR", "name": "Liliana Yacuzzi", "reason": "Name not retrievable from primary sources; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "AR", "name": "Sonia Vaccaro", "reason": "AR-born, Madrid-based — primary entry in /practitioners-eu-therapists.md under Spain; cross-referenced under AR in the markdown"},
    {"country_code": "CO", "name": "Pilar Asunción Aguirre", "reason": "Name not retrievable from primary sources; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "CO", "name": "Andrés Tello Cabello", "reason": "Retrievable hits are a Chilean sociologist and unrelated Colombian executive; no Colombian psicólogo on PA confirmable"},
    {"country_code": "CL", "name": "Soledad Espinoza", "reason": "Name not retrievable as a confirmable Chilean clinical psychologist on PA; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "CL", "name": "Vania Apablaza", "reason": "Name not retrievable from primary sources; not publicly confirmed"},
    {"country_code": "CL", "name": "Corporación Humanas", "reason": "Santiago feminist legal NGO; no PA-specific institutional position publicly retrievable"},
    {"country_code": "CL", "name": "Programa SENAME / mejor niñez", "reason": "No PA-specific institutional doctrine; SENAME does not address PA as clinical category. Honest finding: Chile is LATAM jurisdiction with least institutional clinical engagement on PA"}
  ],
  "stance_distribution_by_country": {
    "BR": {"recognition": 3, "critique": 4, "middle": 0, "total": 7},
    "MX": {"recognition": 1, "critique": 0, "middle": 1, "total": 2},
    "AR": {"recognition": 2, "critique": 2, "middle": 0, "total": 4},
    "CO": {"recognition": 0, "critique": 2, "middle": 0, "total": 2},
    "CL": {"recognition": 3, "critique": 0, "middle": 1, "total": 4},
    "LATAM_TOTAL": {"recognition": 9, "critique": 8, "middle": 2, "total": 19}
  },
  "honest_gaps": [
    "Mexico critique-camp clinician individual entry: None publicly confirmable. CONAVIM, INMUJERES and CEAV have not issued sourced PA-specific clinical positions; the critique side is represented institutionally only via the SCJN Protocolo (middle/procedural). Mexico has a vigorous feminist legal critique but a thin individual clinician-author footprint.",
    "Colombia individual recognition-camp clinician: Institutionally orphaned post-T-526/23. Pre-2023 pro-recognition position of COLPSIC's Unidad de Psicología Jurídica y Forense (2017) was institutionally retracted Nov 2023; no individual Colombian psicólogo with current public-facing PA-recognition practice site + sourced stance is retrievable.",
    "Chile institutional doctrine on PA: Does not exist. SENAME / mejor niñez does not address PA; Colegio de Psicólogos has issued no equivalent of COLPSIC's Posición Gremial. Chile is the LATAM jurisdiction with the least institutional clinical engagement on PA in either direction.",
    "CRP / colegio numbers: Only Calçada (CRP 05/18785) and her collaborating team have publicly displayed Brazilian CRP numbers. Argentine psiquiatra colegio numbers and Mexican cédulas profesionales are generally not publicly displayed on practitioner sites; verification requires direct lookup via the relevant national register before formal outreach.",
    "Specific PA-publication confirmation for senior names: Eva Giberti's PA-specific publications are dispersed across Página/12 columns and book chapters rather than peer-reviewed clinical literature; her stance is sourced via institutional role (Programa Las Víctimas) and named-press alignment, not a single peer-reviewed PA paper."
  ]
}