Te Pito o te Henua)¶

Jurisdiction code: CL-RAP · Legal system: mixed
Language(s): es, rap

Rapa Nui / Easter Island (Isla de Pascua in Spanish / Rapa Nui in the indigenous Rapa Nui language / Te Pito o te Henua 'Navel of the World' traditional Rapa Nui name) is an eastern-Polynesian mixed-system Chilean special territory located ~3,700 km west of mainland Chile and ~2,075 km southeast of Pitcairn Island — structurally distinctive globally as the most remote permanently-inhabited island on Earth, as the only eastern-Polynesian indigenous-titular jurisdiction within a non-Polynesian state framework (Chile, since Chilean annexation 1888), and as the central jurisdiction of the indigenous-titular Rapa Nui Statute of 2018 (Ley 21.070) which established Rapa Nui's first formal indigenous-special-territory framework including a unique permanent-resident-only land-ownership regime, a population-control framework limiting inbound migration, and a Rapa Nui Council of Elders (Honui) consultation framework. Rapa Nui is administered by Chile as part of Valparaíso Region's Isla de Pascua Province (formally a Provincia, but with sui generis administrative framework under the 2018 Statute). Rapa Nui is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site (inscribed 1995) recognising its globally-significant moai monumental statuary heritage. Family-law framework operates under a dual Chilean Civil Code (Código Civil 1855) + Rapa Nui customary-law-recognition framework via Indigenous Law 19.253 of 1993 (Ley Indígena) which recognises Rapa Nui as one of nine officially-recognised indigenous peoples in Chile. Parental authority and child custody operate under Chilean Civil Code Articles 222-244 (patria potestad / cuidado personal) with Indigenous Law 19.253 cultural-recognition framework. Regional courts of Valparaíso Region have jurisdiction over Rapa Nui matters; final appellate jurisdiction lies with the Supreme Court of Chile. Rapa Nui is silent on 'parental alienation' as a statutory label. Chile is a Hague Convention 1980 party (acceded effective 1 May 1994) — Rapa Nui Hague applicability via Chilean territorial extension.

PA recognition status¶

Statutory: silent
Apex court position: no-apex-position
Professional regulator position: silent

Statutory framework¶

Ley 21.070 Estatuto Especial para Rapa Nui (Rapa Nui Statute) 2018 — Rapa Nui Statute 2018 (2018) — https://www.bcn.cl/
Chilean Law of 25 March 2018 establishing Rapa Nui's first formal indigenous-special-territory framework — permanent-resident-only land-ownership regime, population-control framework, Honui Council of Elders consultation framework.
Ley 19.253 Ley Indígena (Indigenous Law) 1993 — Chilean Indigenous Law (1993) — https://www.bcn.cl/
Chilean Law of 28 September 1993 recognising Rapa Nui as one of nine officially-recognised indigenous peoples in Chile — Rapa Nui customary-law-recognition framework.
Chilean Civil Code 1855 (applicable in Rapa Nui) — Chilean Civil Code (1855) — https://www.bcn.cl/
Chilean Civil Code Articles 222-244 governing patria potestad and cuidado personal applicable in Rapa Nui via Valparaíso Region administrative framework.
Treaty of Cession (Acuerdo de Voluntades) 1888 — Treaty of Cession 1888 (1888) — https://www.bcn.cl/
International instrument of 9 September 1888 transferring sovereignty over Rapa Nui to Chile — Chilean position: full cession; Rapa Nui Council of Elders position: limited cession preserving customary land rights.

Apex courts¶

Court of Appeals of Valparaíso (Corte de Apelaciones de Valparaíso)¶

https://www.pjud.cl/

Supreme Court of Chile (Corte Suprema)¶

https://www.pjud.cl/

Professional regulators¶

Colegio de Psicólogos de Chile — https://www.colegiopsicologos.cl/

Anonymisation convention¶

Rapa Nui-related decisions are anonymised per Chilean court practice using initials.

Key developments¶

1888 — Treaty of Cession (Acuerdo de Voluntades) of 9 September 1888 transferring sovereignty over Rapa Nui to Chile — Chilean position: full cession; Rapa Nui Council of Elders position: limited cession preserving customary land rights.
1966 — Chilean Law of 28 January 1966 ending pre-1966 colonial company administration and integrating Rapa Nui into Valparaíso Province with full Chilean civil-status framework.
1993 — Chilean Law 19.253 of 28 September 1993 recognising Rapa Nui as one of nine officially-recognised indigenous peoples in Chile.
1995 — UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription of Rapa Nui National Park in 1995 — recognising globally-significant moai monumental statuary heritage.
2018 — Chilean Law of 25 March 2018 establishing Rapa Nui's first formal indigenous-special-territory framework — permanent-resident-only land-ownership regime, population-control framework, Honui Council of Elders consultation framework.

Structural findings¶

Rapa Nui operates a mixed Chilean civil-law + Rapa Nui customary-law-recognition framework — places Rapa Nui in the eastern-Polynesian Chilean-special-territory cluster.
Most remote permanently-inhabited island on Earth is structurally distinctive globally — ~3,700 km from mainland Chile, ~2,075 km from nearest neighbour Pitcairn.
Only eastern-Polynesian indigenous-titular jurisdiction within a non-Polynesian state framework is structurally distinctive globally.
2018 Rapa Nui Statute (Ley 21.070) is structurally distinctive globally — only modern Chilean indigenous-special-territory framework with permanent-resident-only land-ownership regime and population-control framework.
Honui Council of Elders consultation framework is structurally distinctive within Chilean administrative cluster.
UNESCO World Heritage Site moai monumental statuary heritage is structurally distinctive globally.
Chilean Indigenous Law 19.253 recognition is shared with Mapuche, Aymara, and six other Chilean indigenous peoples but distinctive in Pacific-Polynesian framework.
Chilean Hague Convention 1980 accession 1994 + Rapa Nui Statute population-control framework intersection is structurally distinctive — modern Hague-Convention-applicability vs population-control framework intersection.

Sources¶

Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (BCN) — https://www.bcn.cl/ (Chilean Government) [es]
Corte Suprema de Chile — https://www.pjud.cl/ (Chilean Government) [es]
UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Rapa Nui National Park — https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/715/ (UNESCO) [en]

Editorial notes¶

Rapa Nui / Easter Island jurisdiction sidecar — mixed Chilean civil-law/Rapa Nui customary-law-recognition eastern-Polynesian Chilean special territory (Chilean Civil Code 1855 + Indigenous Law 19.253 1993 + Rapa Nui Statute 2018 (Ley 21.070) permanent-resident-only land-ownership regime + Honui Council of Elders consultation framework + UNESCO World Heritage 1995 + 1888 Treaty of Cession + Chilean Hague Convention 1980 accession 1994). Most remote permanently-inhabited island on Earth globally + only eastern-Polynesian indigenous-titular jurisdiction within non-Polynesian state framework + only modern Chilean indigenous-special-territory framework with permanent-resident-only land-ownership regime and population-control framework + moai monumental statuary UNESCO heritage.
PA-recognition: silent statutory + no-apex-position + silent regulator.
Joins eastern-Polynesian + mixed Chilean-civil-law/Rapa-Nui-customary-recognition + Chilean-special-territory cluster + most-remote-permanently-inhabited-island-globally-distinctive + Polynesian-indigenous-titular-within-non-Polynesian-state + Rapa-Nui-Statute-2018-permanent-resident-only-land-ownership + Honui-Council-of-Elders-consultation + UNESCO-moai-heritage + Indigenous-Law-19.253-recognition + Chilean-Hague-1994-accession clusters within the corpus.

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