{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "id": "cabo-verde",
  "name": "Cabo Verde (Republic of Cabo Verde / República de Cabo Verde)",
  "jurisdiction_code": "CV",
  "legal_system": "civil-law",
  "language": ["pt"],
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "generated": "2026-06-04",
  "summary": "Cabo Verde is an Atlantic African civil-law republic whose family-law framework operates under the Civil Code (Código Civil) drawing on Portuguese civil-law substantive heritage, substantially supplemented by Law 50/V/98 (Family Code) and Law 86/IV/2009 (Code of Children and Adolescents). Parental responsibility (responsabilidade parental) and child custody are governed by Family Code arts. 125-148. The Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Supremo de Justiça) is the apex court for civil and criminal matters; the Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional) operates separate constitutional review. Family-law matters are heard at first instance in the Family and Minors' Court (Tribunal de Família e dos Menores). Psychology profession is regulated through the Cape Verdean Order of Psychologists. Cabo Verde is silent on 'parental alienation' as a statutory label; courts operate substantively under the superior-interest-of-the-child standard codified in Code of Children and Adolescents art. 4. Cabo Verde acceded to the Hague Convention 1980 effective 1 January 2018.",
  "pa_recognition_status": {
    "statutory": "silent",
    "apex_court_position": "no-apex-position",
    "professional_regulator_position": "silent"
  },
  "statutory_framework": [
    {
      "citation": "Family Code Law 50/V/98 arts. 125-148",
      "title": "Family Code — Parental responsibility and custody",
      "year": 1998,
      "url": "https://www.tribunalsupremo.cv/",
      "relevance": "Federal Family Code drawing on Portuguese civil-law substantive heritage. Arts. 125-148 govern responsabilidade parental and child custody."
    },
    {
      "citation": "Code of Children and Adolescents Law 86/IV/2009",
      "title": "Code of Children and Adolescents",
      "year": 2009,
      "url": "https://www.tribunalsupremo.cv/",
      "relevance": "Federal Code codifying superior-interest-of-the-child principle aligned with UNCRC obligations."
    }
  ],
  "apex_courts": [
    {
      "name": "Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Supremo de Justiça)",
      "seat": "Praia",
      "url": "https://www.tribunalsupremo.cv/",
      "role": "Apex court for civil and criminal matters."
    },
    {
      "name": "Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional)",
      "seat": "Praia",
      "url": "https://www.tribunalconstitucional.cv/",
      "role": "Constitutional Court with original jurisdiction over constitutional review."
    }
  ],
  "professional_regulators": [
    {
      "name": "Order of Psychologists of Cabo Verde",
      "url": "https://www.opcv.cv/",
      "role": "Federal professional order for psychologists in Cabo Verde."
    }
  ],
  "anonymisation_convention": "Cape Verdean family-court decisions are anonymised per Supreme Court practice using initials.",
  "key_developments": [
    {
      "year": 1975,
      "title": "Cabo Verde independence + PAIGC framework + post-Carnation-Revolution",
      "description": "Cabo Verde independence 5 July 1975 from Portugal following Carnation Revolution 25 April 1974. Substantively distinctive Lusophone Atlantic African independence framework via PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde) framework. Initial union with Guinea-Bissau before 1980 dissolution. Foundational pre-multipartyism framework."
    },
    {
      "year": 1980,
      "title": "Cabo Verde-Guinea-Bissau separation + PAICV framework",
      "description": "Cabo Verde-Guinea-Bissau separation 14 November 1980 following Guinea-Bissau coup — PAIGC renamed PAICV (African Party for the Independence of Cabo Verde). Substantively distinctive Lusophone-African political-restructuring framework affecting subsequent constitutional-democratic-trajectory."
    },
    {
      "year": 1991,
      "title": "Multi-party transition + Constitution + democratic-trajectory framework",
      "description": "Multi-party transition 1990-1991 — substantive democratic-transition framework. Constitution of Cabo Verde 1992 adopted 25 September 1992 substantively reforming political-institutional framework. Substantively significant African democratic-trajectory pattern."
    },
    {
      "year": 1992,
      "title": "Cabo Verde ratifies UN Convention on the Rights of the Child",
      "description": "Cabo Verde ratified the UNCRC on 4 June 1992 — substantively significant child-rights framework integration. Foundational best-interests-of-the-child framework integration with subsequent 2009 Code of Children and Adolescents substantive doctrine."
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "title": "Family Code Law 50/V/98",
      "description": "Federal Family Code enacted 11 May 1998 drawing on Portuguese civil-law substantive heritage. Arts. 125-148 govern responsabilidade parental and child custody. Substantively significant Lusophone family-law-codification framework."
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "title": "Middle-Income-Country graduation + UN-LDC-graduation distinctive framework",
      "description": "Cabo Verde graduated from UN Least Developed Country (LDC) status 1 January 2008 — substantively distinctive globally (only second LDC graduation globally after Botswana 1994). Substantive socioeconomic-development framework affecting subsequent constitutional-democratic-trajectory."
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "title": "Code of Children and Adolescents Law 86/IV/2009 + UNCRC-aligned framework",
      "description": "Federal Code enacted Law 86/IV/2009 codifying superior-interest-of-the-child principle (art. 4) aligned with UNCRC obligations. Substantively significant child-protection-framework consolidation within Lusophone African framework."
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "title": "Special Partnership with EU + CPLP-framework + African-democratic-leader framework",
      "description": "Cabo Verde Special Partnership Agreement with European Union 5 November 2007 + Mobility Partnership 2008 substantively reshaping cross-border-jurisdiction-practice. CPLP (Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries) framework substantively significant. Substantively distinctive African democratic-stability framework."
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "title": "Hague Convention 1980 accession + cross-border-framework",
      "description": "Cabo Verde acceded to the Hague Convention 1980 effective 1 January 2018 — substantively significant Hague Atlantic African accession affecting cross-border-jurisdiction-practice with Portugal and other Hague-party states. Substantively significant within Lusophone Hague-accession framework."
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "title": "Tribunal Supremo de Justiça + Tribunal Constitucional — superior-interest-of-the-child substantive register + Neves presidency",
      "description": "Tribunal Supremo de Justiça and Tribunal Constitucional continue to develop superior-interest-of-the-child jurisprudence under Family Code 1998 arts. 125-148 + Code of Children and Adolescents 2009 art. 4 + Hague Convention 1980 framework in custody disputes within José Maria Neves presidency (since 2021). Substantive analysis without doctrinal 'parental alienation' label adoption."
    }
  ],
  "structural_findings": [
    "Cabo Verde operates a Portuguese-civil-law family-law framework — places Cabo Verde in the Lusophone African cluster with Mozambique, Angola, São Tomé, Portugal, Brazil, East Timor within the corpus.",
    "Hague Convention 1980 accession 2018 places Cabo Verde in the Hague Atlantic African cluster alongside Mozambique."
  ],
  "references": [
    "jurisdiction:portugal",
    "jurisdiction:mozambique",
    "jurisdiction:angola",
    "evidence:cross-border-parental-abduction-and-pa-intersection",
    "evidence:childrens-rights-paramountcy-doctrine"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Supreme Court of Justice",
      "url": "https://www.tribunalsupremo.cv/",
      "publisher": "Supreme Court",
      "language": "pt"
    },
    {
      "title": "Constitutional Court",
      "url": "https://www.tribunalconstitucional.cv/",
      "publisher": "Constitutional Court",
      "language": "pt"
    },
    {
      "title": "Order of Psychologists of Cabo Verde",
      "url": "https://www.opcv.cv/",
      "publisher": "Order of Psychologists",
      "language": "pt"
    }
  ],
  "editorial_notes": [
    "Cabo Verde jurisdiction sidecar v1.1 — deepened 2026-06-09 from 3 to 10 key_developments with full independence-to-Neves trajectory: 1975-Cabo-Verde-independence-+-PAIGC + 1980-Cabo-Verde-Guinea-Bissau-separation-+-PAICV + 1991-Multi-party-transition-+-Constitution + 1992-UNCRC-ratification + 1998-Family-Code-Law-50-V-98 + 2008-Middle-Income-Country-graduation-+-UN-LDC-graduation-distinctive + 2009-Code-of-Children-and-Adolescents-Law-86-IV-2009 + 2010-Special-Partnership-with-EU-+-CPLP + 2018-Hague-Convention-1980-accession + 2024-Tribunal-Supremo-+-Tribunal-Constitucional-+-Neves-presidency.",
    "Civil-law Lusophone Atlantic African (Family Code 1998 + Code of Children and Adolescents 2009 + Hague Convention 1980 accession 2018).",
    "PA-recognition: silent statutory + no-apex-position + silent regulator — substantive superior-interest-of-the-child analysis under Family Code 1998 + Code of Children and Adolescents 2009 art. 4 + Hague Convention 1980 framework without doctrinal 'parental alienation' label.",
    "Joins Atlantic-African + Lusophone (with Mozambique, Angola, São Tomé, Portugal, Brazil, East Timor) + civil-law + only-second-UN-LDC-graduation-globally-after-Botswana-1994-distinctive + PAIGC-PAICV-political-framework + Cabo-Verde-Guinea-Bissau-separation-1980 + Special-Partnership-with-EU-2007 + African-democratic-stability-distinctive + Hague-Convention-1980-accession-2018-Atlantic-African clusters within the corpus."
  ]
}